Publications, Conference Papers and Other Presentations
HOUSING EXPERIENCE OF NEW CANADIANS(a) PAPERS IN REFEREED JOURNALS
Immigrants, Housing and the Rental Affordability Problem
by R.A. Murdie
Canadian Housing, Vol. 20, No. 2, 2003, pp. 23-25.
Housing Affordability
and Toronto’s
Rental Market: Perspectives from the Housing Careers of Jamaican, Polish
and Somali Newcomers
by R.A. Murdie
Housing, Theory and Society, Vol. 20, No. 4, 2003, pp. 183-96.
Abstract
A key housing issue in
Toronto is affordability, especially in the rental market. Since the mid-1990s
rents
in the private sector have increased at almost
twice the rate of inflation with the result that it is extremely difficult
for new immigrant households with limited resources to acquire adequate housing.
In this paper the rental experiences of three recently arrived immigrant groups – Jamaicans,
Poles and Somalis – are evaluated using a housing career strategy. The
paper focuses on changes through the housing career and between the three groups
for a variety of characteristics related to affordability. The results show
that the Poles experienced the least affordability problems and the Somalis
had the greatest difficulty affording adequate accommodation. Reasons are suggested
for these differences and conclusions reached about the importance of adequate
and affordable rental housing in the immigrant integration process.
The Housing Careers
of Polish and Somali Newcomers in Toronto’s Rental
Market
by R.A. Murdie
Housing Studies, Vol. 17, No. 3, 2002, pp. 423-43.
Abstract
This paper evaluates and
compares the housing careers of two recent immigrant groups, the Poles and
Somalis,
in Toronto’s rental market. Both groups
first arrived in Toronto in the late 1980s but under different circumstances
and with different outcomes in the housing market. The study is situated in
a general conceptual framework focusing on factors affecting the housing careers
of households. The analysis is based on a questionnaire survey of sixty respondents
from each group who arrived in Canada between 1987 and 1994. Information was
collected about the search for three residences: the first permanent residence,
the one immediately before the current one, and the current residence. The
analysis considers the individual and household characteristics that differentiate
the Polish and Somali respondents, the characteristics of Toronto’s rental
market that potentially act as barriers in the search for housing, the housing
search process and the outcomes of the search. The latter includes the nature
of the dwelling and its surroundings as well as satisfaction with the dwelling
and neighbourhood. The results confirm that the Poles have been more successful
than the Somalis in establishing a progressive housing career. The reasons
relate to differences in individual and household characteristics and the nature
of the local housing market. Specific variables include socio-economic status,
household size, community resources, the housing situation before coming to
Canada, Toronto’s tight rental market and perceived discriminatory barriers
in that market. The paper concludes with a brief evaluation of the housing
career concept as used in this study.
Immigrants’ Perceptions of Housing Discrimination in Toronto:
The Housing New Canadians Project
By K. Dion
Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 57, No. 3, 2001, pp. 523-39.
Abstract
The Housing New Canadians project investigated recent immigrants' perceptions
of discrimination in finding rental housing since arriving in Toronto, Canada.
Respondents from three immigrant communities Jamaicans, Poles, and Somalis
indicated how much housing discrimination they had personally experienced and
how much discrimination they perceived to have been directed toward their group.
They also rated how much each of several factors, including race, income level,
source of income, immigrant status, language, ethnic or national background,
religion, and family size, contributed to each type of perceived discrimination.
Jamaican and Somali immigrants perceived greater personal and group discrimination
and also showed a greater discrepancy between personal and group discrimination
than did Polish immigrants. Implications are discussed.
Ethnicity and Perceived Discrimination in Toronto: Another Look at the Personal/
Group Discrimination Discrepancy
By K. Dion and K. Kawakami
Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, Vol. 28, 1996, pp. 203-213.
(b) PAPERS IN REFEREED CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
Immigrants and Access to Housing: How Welcome are Newcomers to Canada?
By J.D. Hulchanski
Metropolis Year II, The Development of a Comparative Research Agenda––Proceedings
of the Second National Conference and of the Thematic Seminar “Housing
and Neighbourhood”, Montréal, Québec, November 23-26, 1997,
pp. 263-274.
Housing Issues Facing Immigrants and Refugees in Greater Toronto: Initial
Findings from the Jamaican, Polish and Somali Communities
By R. A. Murdie, A. Chambon, J.D. Hulchanski, J.C. Teixeira
E. Komut (editor). Housing Question of the ‘Others’. Ankara: Chamber
of Architects of Turkey, 1995, pp. 179-190.
(c) RESEARCH BULLETIN
A Comparison of the Rental Housing Experiences of Polish and Somali Newcomers
in Toronto
By R.A. Murdie
Centre for Urban and Community Studies, University of Toronto, Research Bulletin
#9, 2002.
http://www.urbancenter.utoronto.ca/pdfs/researchbulletins/09.pdf
(d) PAPERS
PRESENTED AT CONFERENCES
"House
as Home" as a Measure of Immigrant Integration: Evidence from the
Housing Experiences of New Canadians in Greater Toronto Study
by R.A. Murdie
Seventh National Metropolis Conference, Montréal, March,
2004
Immigrants, Refugees and Homelessness in Toronto
By J.D. Hulchanski
Keynote address, Living on the Ragged Edges: Immigrants, Refugees and Homelessness
in Toronto, a forum organized by the Joint Centre of Excellence for Research
in Immigration and Settlement – Toronto, March, 2003.
Housing Affordability and Toronto’s Rental Market: Perspectives
from the Housing Careers of Jamaican, Polish and Somali Newcomers
By R.A. Murdie
Sixth International Metropolis Conference, Rotterdam, November 2001 and European
Network for Housing Research Conference, Vienna, June, 2002.
The Housing Careers of Jamaican, Polish and Somali Newcomers in Toronto’s
Rental Market: A Dynamic Perspective on Residential Satisfaction
By R.A. Murdie
European Network for Housing Research (Housing in the 21st Century: Fragmentation
and Reorientation), Gävle, Sweden, June 2000.
Policy Advice on Improving the Rental Housing Prospects of Immigrants and Refugees
in Toronto
By J.D. Hulchanski
Fourth National Metropolis Conference, Toronto, March, 2000
The Housing Careers of Polish and Somali Newcomers in Toronto's Rental Market
by R.A. Murdie
European Network for Housing Research Conference (New European Housing and
Urban Policies), Balationfüred, Hungary, August 1999 and the Fourth
International Metropolis Conference, Washington, D.C., December 1999.
Immigrants and Access to Housing: How Welcome are Newcomers to Canada
by J.D. Hulchanski
Keynote Presentation, Housing and Neighbourhoods Workshop, Metropolis Year
II Conference, Montreal, November, 1997.
Access to Housing in a Canadian City: Experiences of Three Immigrant Groups
by A.S. Chambon, J.D. Hulchanski, R.A. Murdie, C.Teixeira
Urban Affairs Association Conference, Toronto, May 1997.
Housing Issues Facing Immigrants and Refugees in Greater Toronto: Initial Findings
from the Jamaican, Polish and Somali Communities (1995)
by R.A. Murdie, A.S. Chambon,
J.D. Hulchanski, C.Teixeira
UN Habitat II conference on The Housing Question of the 'Others', Ankara, Turkey,
November 24, 1995. Published in: E.M. Komut (1996) Housing Question of the
'Others', Ankara: Chamber of Architects of Turkey, pp. 179-190.
(e) DISCUSSION PAPER
Differential Incorporation and Housing Trajectories of Recent Immigrant Households:
Towards a Conceptual Framework (1999)
by R.A. Murdie, A.S. Chambon, J.D. Hulchanski, C. Teixeira
A discussion paper outlining the Housing new Canadians research team's conceptual
framework for analysing and understanding the housing experience of newcomers.
DISCRIMINATION: MINIMUM
INCOME QUALIFICATIONS
Discrimination in Ontario's Rental Housing Market: The Role of Minimum Income
Criteria (1994)
by J.D. Hulchanski
Report for the Ontario Human Rights Commission, for the Kearney et al. v. Bramalea
Limited et al. case.
How Households Obtain Resources to Meet their Needs: The Shifting Mix of Cash
and Non-Cash Sources (1994)
by J.D. Hulchanski and J.H. Michalski
Background Report #1 for the Ontario Human Rights Commission, for the Kearney
et al. v. Bramalea Limited et al. case.
The Use of Housing Expenditure-to-Income Ratios: Origins, Evolution and Implications
(1994)
by J.D. Hulchanski
Background Report #2 for the Ontario Human Rights Commission, for the Kearney
et al. v. Bramalea Limited et al. case.
The Concept of Housing
Affordability: Six Contemporary Uses of the Housing Expenditure-to-Income
Ratio (1995)
by J.D. Hulchanski
Housing Studies, 10(4), October, 1995, 471-491.
Abstract
In recent years ‘housing affordability’ has become a commonly
used term for summarizing the nature of the housing difficulty in many nations.
But what is the ‘housing affordability’ problem? This paper questions ‘affordability’ as
a concept for analysing housing problems and as a definition of housing need.
With a focus on North American usage, the paper identifies six distinct ways
in which the housing expenditure-to-income ratio is being used as an assumed
measure of affordability: (1) description of housing expenditures; (2) analysis
of trends; (3) administration of public housing by defining eligibility criteria
and subsidy levels; (4) definition of housing need for public policy purposes;
(5) prediction of the ability of a households to pay the rent or the mortgage;
and (6) as part of the selection criteria in the decision to rent or provide
a mortgage. Each of the six uses is assessed based on the extent to which it
is a valid and reliable measure of what it purports to measure.
The Use of Minimum Income Qualifications by Landlords in Selecting Tenants:
Recent Human Rights Litigation in Canada (1997)
by J.D. Hulchanski
International Sociological Association Conference, Housing in the 21st Century,
Alexandria, Virginia.
The Use of Minimum Income
Criteria: Summary of Evidence for Ontario Human Rights Commission (1999)
by J.D. Hulchanski
for Sinclair and Newby v. Bexon Investments Ltd. et al., Ontario Human Rights
Commission Board of Inquiry.
DISCRIMINATION
Housing Discrimination in Canada: What Do We Know About It? (2002)
By S. Novac, J. Darden,
J.D. Hulchanski and A.-M. Séguin
Centre for Urban and Community Research, University of Toronto, Research Bulletin
#11
http://www.urbancenter.utoronto.ca/pdfs/researchbulletins/11.pdf
Housing Discrimination in Canada: The State of Knowledge on Housing Discrimination
(2002)
By S. Novac, J. Darden,
J.D. Hulchanski and A.-M. Séguin
Research carried out for Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation.
Immigrant Enclaves and
Residential Segregation: Voices of Racialized Refugee and Immigrant Women
(1996)
by Sylvia Novac
Research carried out for the Canadian Advisory Council on the Status of Women.
THE HUMAN RIGHT TO ADEQUATE HOUSING
The Human Right to Adequate
Housing: A Chronology of United Nations Activity, 1945 to 1999 (2000)
by J.D. Hulchanski and S. Leckie
A report prepared for the Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions, Geneva, for
the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Article
25: "Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for health
and well-being including housing. "
RESIDENT PARTICIPATION
Cultural and Ethno-Racial
Variables Affecting Resident Participation in Assisted Housing: A Literature
Review (1996)
by J.D. Hulchanski, J. Michalski, B. MacLaurin, and Y. Gebre-Selassie for
the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation